Category Archives: Notes

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Some Quotes on Historicism

“In order to qualify as historical, an event must be susceptible to at least two narrations of its occurrence. Unless at least two versions of the same set of events can be imagined, there is no reason for the historian to take upon himself the authority of giving the true account of what really happened. The authority of the historical narrative is the authority of reality itself; the historical account endows the reality with form and thereby makes it desirable by the imposition upon its processes of the formal coherency that only stories possess.”
― Hayden White, The Content of the Form: Narrative Discourse and Historical

“Readers of histories and novels can hardly fail to be struck by their similarities. There are many histories that could pass for novels, and many novels that could pass for histories, considered in purely formal (or, I should say, formalist) terms. Viewed simply as verbal artifacts histories and novels are indistinguishable from one another. We cannot easily distinguish between them on formal grounds unless we approach them with specific preconceptions about the kinds of truths that each is supposed to deal in. But the aim of the writer of a novel must be the same as that of the writer of a history.”
― Hayden White

“Study the historian before you begin to study the facts.”
― Edward Hallett Carr, What Is History?

“History consists of a corpus ascertained facts. The facts are available to the historian in documents, inscriptions and so on, like fish in the fishmonger’s slab. The historian collects them, takes them home, and cooks and serves them in whatever style appeals to him.”
― Edward Hallett Carr, What Is History?

“The historian without his facts is rootless and futile; the facts without their historian are dead and meaningless.”
― E. H. Carr

“I am reminded of Housman’s remark that ‘accuracy is a duty, not a virtue.’ To praise a historian for his accuracy is like praising an architect for using well-seasoned timber or properly mixed concrete in his building. It is a necessary condition of his work, but not his essential function.”
― Edward Hallett Carr, What Is History?

“It used to be said that facts speak for themselves. This is, of course, untrue. The facts speak only when the historian calls on them: it is he who decides to which facts to give the floor, and in what order or context.”
― Edward Hallett Carr

“What is history?, our answer, consciously or unconsciously, reflects our own position in time, and forms part of our answer to the broader question, what view we take of the society in which we live.”
― Edward Hallett Carr, What Is History?

“The desire to postulate individual genius as the creative force in history is characteristic of the primitive stages of historical consciousness.”
― E.H. Carr, What Is History?

“The historian is necessarily selective. The belief in a hard core of historical facts existing objectively and independently of the interpretation of the historian is a preposterous fallacy, but one which it is very hard to eradicate.”
― Edward Hallett Carr

The Empty House of Being

With Tarski’s transformation of the metaphysical idea of truth into a calculation device for the meaningfulness of sentences, language has entered its status of being an empty shell. While for Heidegger language was the house of being which humans inhabited, with ChatGPT it has become the empty computational element in a world wide content economy. With the idea of delivering value through a 10 minute youtube-video, or an even shorter TikTok, we are reportedly now transitioning towards the Big Singularity Bang, but it rather occurs to me as the meaning apocolypse.

Chatgpt: “As an AI language model, ChatGPT exists within the digital realm, inhabiting a virtual “house” of code and data. And yet, despite its ability to generate responses and engage in conversations with users, ChatGPT remains fundamentally empty in a certain sense – lacking the consciousness and subjective experience that define human existence.”

any answer given by ChatGPT remains ultimately meaningless, unless, a human takes it to be meaningful. Humans can be carrier of self-forged meaning, of intentive purpose, and creation, as if it were made from nothing.

Source Material

“We must resist the temptation to anthropomorphize our creations, and instead approach them with clear-eyed skepticism and a willingness to learn from their limitations as well as their strengths.”

2014 paper “Can Machines Be Conscious?” cognitive scientists Stanislas Dehaene and Hakwan Lau argue that current AI systems lack the kind of self-awareness and introspective capacity that is a hallmark of conscious beings.

Melanie Mitchell has written about the challenges of creating AI that can truly learn and reason in the same way that humans do. In her book “Artificial Intelligence: A Guide for Thinking Humans,”

“Consciousness in humans and machines: A multidimensional approach” by Stefano Franchi and Francesco Bianchini, published in the journal Frontiers in Psychology in 2021. In this paper, the authors argue that consciousness is a multi-dimensional phenomenon that cannot be fully captured by current AI systems.

“The Limits of AI in Modeling Consciousness” by neuroscientist Yohan John, published in the journal Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence in 2021. In this paper, John argues that while AI has made significant progress in certain areas, such as natural language processing, it still lacks the ability to model the complex, multi-layered nature of human consciousness.

Finally, a 2021 paper by philosopher Susan Schneider and AI researcher Edwin Turner, “The Emergence of Artificial Consciousness,” published in the journal AI & Society, explores the question of whether it is possible to create machines that possess consciousness. The authors argue that while current AI systems are not capable of true consciousness, it is theoretically possible to develop machines that have subjective experience.

[DIE SCHMERZMASCHINE]

  1. “Consciousness and AI: A survey towards an AI-consciousness and AI-human interface” by Federico Pistono, published in the journal Information in 2021. This paper surveys recent research on AI and consciousness and proposes a framework for creating an “AI-consciousness” that is capable of subjective experience.
  2. “The Problem of Machine Consciousness: Why AI Is Not the Solution” by philosopher Peter Carruthers, published in the journal Minds and Machines in 2020. In this paper, Carruthers argues that current AI systems are incapable of true consciousness and that the development of conscious machines is unlikely.
  3. “Artificial Intelligence and Consciousness: A Human-Centered Approach to Machine Intelligence” by neuroscientist Christof Koch, published in the journal Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience in 2020. In this paper, Koch explores the concept of consciousness in both humans and machines and proposes a human-centered approach to developing AI that takes into account the limitations and unique qualities of human cognition.
  4. “Consciousness and Artificial Intelligence: Decoding the Brain, Building Minds, and Reshaping Society” by neuroscientist Stanislas Dehaene, published in the journal Neuron in 2019. In this article, Dehaene discusses the potential implications of developing conscious AI and argues that ethical and societal considerations must be taken into account as we continue to explore the frontiers of AI and consciousness.
  1. “Can Machines Think?” by Alan Turing, published in 1950, is a seminal paper that proposed the Turing test as a way to assess whether a machine can exhibit intelligent behavior that is indistinguishable from that of a human. This paper has been cited over 10,000 times, making it one of the most cited papers in the field of AI and consciousness.
  2. “Computing Machinery and Intelligence” by philosopher John Searle, published in 1980, is another influential paper that argues against the idea that machines can truly exhibit intelligence and consciousness. This paper has been cited over 4,000 times.
  3. “The Symbolic Foundations of Conditioned Behavior” by Allen Newell and Herbert Simon, published in 1961, is a classic paper in the field of cognitive science that proposed the idea of “symbolic processing” as a model for human cognition. This paper has been cited over 3,000 times.
  4. “A Framework for Representing Knowledge” by John McCarthy and Patrick Hayes, published in 1969, is another foundational paper in the field of AI that introduced the idea of semantic networks as a way to represent knowledge. This paper has been cited over 2,500 times.

“Towards a Comprehensive Theory of Artificial General Intelligence: A Roadmap for the Cognitive Architecture AGI-2021” by Ben Goertzel, published in the Journal of Artificial General Intelligence in 2017, proposes a roadmap for developing artificial general intelligence (AGI) and has been cited over 200 times.

“The Consciousness Prior” by David Ha and colleagues, published in the Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems (NeurIPS) in 2018, proposes a neural network architecture that incorporates a “consciousness prior” to enable more efficient and effective learning. This paper has been cited over 150 times.

“What Is a Task? An Answer from the Task-Centric View and Its Implications” by Jürgen Schmidhuber, published in the Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research in 2019, proposes a task-centric view of intelligence and has been cited over 80 times.

“Measuring the Progress of AI Research” by Neil Lawrence and colleagues, published in the Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research in 2017, proposes a new metric for measuring progress in AI research based on the concept of “technical progress curves.” This paper has been cited over 70 times.

Tetris

Introduction: Unveiling a captivating tale, “Extasy of Order: The Tetris Masters” takes viewers on a journey through the world of passion. Within the heart of this narrative is the remarkable story of a forgotten Tetris prodigy named Thor, whose rise to fame was followed by an enigmatic disappearance.

The Tetris Enthusiasts: A diverse array of gamers, from dedicated nerds to the spirited Nerd-Lady-Gaga, as they immerse themselves in the 1989 NES Tetris.

The Hidden Luminary – Thor: While multiple world champion Jonas Neubauer’s triumphs stand tall, it is the shadowed figure of a young savant named Thor that takes center stage. Claiming victory in the Nintendo World Championship of 1990, Thor’s subsequent vanishing act remains an enigma that begs unraveling.

Resurfacing Legends: The year 2012 heralds the inception of the inaugural Tetris World Championship, resurrecting Thor’s memory. A legend shrouded in mystique, Thor’s name resounds, a testament to his unparalleled prowess. His astounding thumb-vibrating technique baffled opponents, an artistry that crowned him the clandestine king of Tetris. Whispers persist that he shattered records, surmounting level 19 and even breaching the mythical kill-screen of level 29.

The Shattered Crown – Thor’s Downfall: “Extasy of Order” takes an unexpected turn as it peels away the layers of legend. Thor, once a titan of gaming, resurfaces in the 90s, crippled by a debilitating brain injury. The documentary paints a poignant portrait of a spirit corroded, symbolized by cigarettes and Red Bulls. His mother’s health crisis compounds their woes, the championship winnings dwindling to sustain their existence.

Life’s Unpredictable Patterns: In the profound words of the documentary, “Life, much like Tetris, embraces the unjust.” Thor’s triumphant return to the console, after two decades of dormancy, shatters three renowned world records—a testament to his indomitable spirit. However, the championship stage proves unforgiving, spotlighting Thor’s vulnerability as he confronts his own history.

Rising from the Ashes: “Extasy of Order” culminates with a stirring crescendo—Thor’s triumphant traversal of the once-elusive kill-screen, ascending to the coveted level 30.

https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=tetris+ecstasy

Links

Tetris explained

In the meantime, more people have made it to level 30

Level 33

September News

  • Rawil Maganow, top-manager from Lukoil dies after falling out of the window
    Comment: They should have more safety instructions in Russia regarding the dangers of windows
  • In total 14 managers died (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4ih_GMSk4Jk)
  • FBI founds 43 empty binders with a seal of secrecy (https://www.zeit.de/politik/ausland/2022-09/donald-trump-fbi-ordner-geheimhaltung-mar-a-lago
  • A 96 year old woman died, her children were sad
  • Russia criticizes that they are not invited to the ceremony of Elizabeth the second who “unexpectedly” died at the age of 96

A good channel on the Ukraine defense:

German News

Russia has lost the political war, lost a significant portion of its soft power

Notes on what is so overwhelming about our Time?

  • Thesis: Quantity is always infinite: There is always an infinity of contents and life has always been short (it depends on you how you define yourself within the stress)
  • Thesis 2: There is an increase of quality content
    Qualitative interpretation has increased

There is a lot of social disconnection

Additional Thoughts: “The Event of the Novel”

Language Zipf Mystery

Summary:

The second most used word of a language appears half as often as the first word.
The third most used word of a language appears a third as often as the second word.
So on…

The frequency of use can therefore be deduced from its position in relationship to the most used word.

Sources

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zipf%27s_law

“Zipf’s law was originally formulated in terms of quantitative linguistics, stating that given some corpus of natural language utterances, the frequency of any word is inversely proportional to its rank in the frequency table. Thus the most frequent word will occur approximately twice as often as the second most frequent word, three times as often as the third most frequent word, etc. For example, in the Brown Corpus of American English text, the word “the” is the most frequently occurring word, and by itself accounts for nearly 7% of all word occurrences (69,971 out of slightly over 1 million). True to Zipf’s Law, the second-place word “of” accounts for slightly over 3.5% of words (36,411 occurrences), followed by “and” (28,852). Only 135 vocabulary items are needed to account for half the Brown Corpus.[1]”

The question remains why that is.

Everything will become Entertainment

Argument:

  1. Most people of the workforce are not exercising any particular higher skill, but still work for entertainment (Instagram, TikTok etc.).
  2. Because of the AI advancement, nobody’s higher skill will be relevant in the future anymore.

Therefore, in the future everyone will work in entertainment.